来源：  作者：kmnice

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Be happy and save money today. Have a quiet sunday. Get my money into budget. Save the coins.

Still have the impulse to get delicious meal.It does not mean Spending a lot.

To get to the workplace, I have to get on two buses. But luckily, I do not need to walk a lot as before. The bad thing is that sometimes, if not lucky enough, I have to stand on the crowdy bus for nearly one and half hour to reach my destination. Hope that will not happen too much.  I still miss the days I get on bus in Bei Xin Jing. The NO74 have that bus stop but not the final. Hope I can get out of my home every day before 7:30.

Writing like a idiot.writing like a gigant.BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBeverlyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

When the year 2006 is coming to an end, pay raise, promotion and yearly bonus have become the most popular words at this time. A survey done by the human resource website ChinaHR.com shows that when office workers feel that they are treated unfairly in the salary raise issue, nearly half (47.9%) of them will consider "looking for another job". About 43.1% of people interviewed choose to "talk about the issue directly with their company" and 3.2% just quit their jobs to express their disapproval. Only 5.8% of people will remain silent under this situation, the Economic Information Daily reported.

The survey also shows that 51.3% of the interviewees have never asked for a salary raise from their managers. Among the rest of the people who made the request, only 8.5% did get a higher pay while the rest of the 40.2% said the result "is not good."

When asked why they are unwilling to talk about the salary raise issue with their bosses, a high proportion (42.7%) of the people feared "they might feel upset if the boss turned down their request". Some 25.8% of the people feared "their self-assessments might differ from those given by their bosses." Twenty-two percent of the people take the wait-and-see attitude and 9.5% of the people, the least among the group, said they were afraid that "bosses might think they want to hop to another job."

Based on these findings, an expert from the website's human resource research center said that nowadays, as the salary, promotion and bonus issues are not transparent in most companies, staff members often find it difficult to know whether their work performances are directly related with their salaries. The problem revealed in this survey shows that employees do not have a clear idea of how much they have contributed to the company's core values, so they have to make conjectures and take a wait-and-see attitude. These attitudes will no doubt undermine the incentive functions of the company's schemes.

Corrugated carton

Carton wet and stained

Keep away from moisture

Keep in a cool place

Keep in a dry place

Keep upright

Not to be tipped

Inflammable

Seaworthy packing

Tare weight

In bulk

In block

Packing intact

Packing sound

Regular packing for export

Apparently in good order and condition

Packing stained and old

Cartons wet and stained

;Dear sirs,

We enclose the countersigned copy of contact No.250 of 3^rd April 2000 for 360 bales of printed cottons. The letter of credit is on its way to you.

Please mark the bales with our initials, with the destination and contract number as follows,

KT

LONDON

250

This will apply to all shipments unless otherwise instructed

Please advise us by fax as soon as shipment I effected.

Your faithfully,

Tony Smith,

Chief Buyer

According to the survey, urbanites in China are spending more time in front of TV sets and computers than with their families. On average, people spend 6.7 hours a day watching TV or using a computer. Over half of the people born after 1980 make friends on the Internet, claiming an average number of 6.9 cyber friends. The time they spend chatting with their cyber friends lasts around 77.1 minutes each day, while their daily conversations with their families average only 57 minutes.

As for relationships between neighbors, the old saying that
"neighbors next door are more helpful than relatives far away" seems to no longer be applicable. When in need, many people would rather seek help on the Internet than knock on their neighbor's door. The survey shows that nearly 30% of urban Chinese don't know how many family members their neighbors have, and over half don't know what their neighbors do for a living. Only a quarter of urban residents are affiliated with their neighbors.

(File photo/Xinhua Net)

Young people's attitudes towards finance in marriage have also become more practical. About 20% of marrying couples choose to notarize their prenuptial properties, and the proportion grows to 35.1% among those who earn more than 4000 yuan a month, according to the survey. Traditionally Chinese have considered prenuptials a profanation of love, but this no longer seems to be the case.

Another traditional concept that has come under fire is that a couple should keep and spend money together. Over 20% of those born in the 1970s and after would keep and make use of part or even all of the properties they earn after marriage by themselves. And 9% even choose to "reserve full rights" to their personal incomes, married or not, and go Dutch in family expenditures. These statistics reveal the growing independence of Chinese people both financially and emotionally, as marriage now serves the development of people's egos rather than demanding a sacrifice of one's character, the survey concludes.

The NEETs, or "not in employment, education or training," have attracted attention again in China. They hardly leave their apartments and spend their days surfing the Internet, watching TV or reading books all by themselves. Psychological experts attribute their voluntary seclusion from society to their fear of socializing, Modern Express reported.

(A typical scene in a NEET's life. Photo: sohu.com by Hou Jie)

Ms. Zhou, 34, is one of these modern "hermits." She has been a NEET for three years after quitting a well paying but high-pressure job at a hotel. "I've lost interest in everything," she said. "I seldom contact my friends because I'm too lazy to make a phone call." She has never even had a love relationship.

Some "hermits" call their idleness a "restoration" of life. Mr. Meng, 26, quit his job three months ago because he became fed up with office politics. He now lives happily every day, sleepingfor as long as he wants, visiting old friends and searching for information on the Internet. "I'm not living on the edge," he said confidently. "I just need some time to sort out my life and find a new direction."

However, not every NEET is so optimistic. A 23-year-old young man whose cyber name is Ken seems pretty lost in life. After graduating from a training school a year ago, his life involves a cycle of only three activities: eating, sleeping and playing online games. "It's so difficult to find a job for college graduates, never mind someone from a training school like me," he told the reporter. "I'm not in a hurry to find a job. I don't need to support my family."

When asked how he supports himself living like this, he looked carefree and answered, "My parents, of course. I'm an only child. Who else would they support besides me?"

In regard to the NEET's abnormal lives, Zhou Xiao, director of the Xiaoran Psychology Consultation Center in Nanjing in Jiangsu province, remarked their conceptions are more or less distorted by the negativity of real life. "Life is hard for everyone. Others would fight to overcome their difficulties, but NEETs choose to run away from the problems," Zhou said. "They are inadequate socially, and their attitudes in favor of dodging unpleasant circumstances only make it worse."

Zhou called on joint efforts from both families and society to help these "hermits" out of their seclusion before their negative attitudes evolve into serious psychological problems.

The NEETs, or "not in employment, education or training," have attracted attention again in China. They hardly leave their apartments and spend their days surfing the Internet, watching TV or reading books all by themselves. Psychological experts attribute their voluntary seclusion from society to their fear of socializing, Modern Express reported.

(A typical scene in a NEET's life. Photo: sohu.com by Hou Jie)

Ms. Zhou, 34, is one of these modern "hermits." She has been a NEET for three years after quitting a well paying but high-pressure job at a hotel. "I've lost interest in everything," she said. "I seldom contact my friends because I'm too lazy to make a phone call." She has never even had a love relationship.

Some "hermits" call their idleness a "restoration" of life. Mr. Meng, 26, quit his job three months ago because he became fed up with office politics. He now lives happily every day, sleepingfor as long as he wants, visiting old friends and searching for information on the Internet. "I'm not living on the edge," he said confidently. "I just need some time to sort out my life and find a new direction."

However, not every NEET is so optimistic. A 23-year-old young man whose cyber name is Ken seems pretty lost in life. After graduating from a training school a year ago, his life involves a cycle of only three activities: eating, sleeping and playing online games. "It's so difficult to find a job for college graduates, never mind someone from a training school like me," he told the reporter. "I'm not in a hurry to find a job. I don't need to support my family."

When asked how he supports himself living like this, he looked carefree and answered, "My parents, of course. I'm an only child. Who else would they support besides me?"

In regard to the NEET's abnormal lives, Zhou Xiao, director of the Xiaoran Psychology Consultation Center in Nanjing in Jiangsu province, remarked their conceptions are more or less distorted by the negativity of real life. "Life is hard for everyone. Others would fight to overcome their difficulties, but NEETs choose to run away from the problems," Zhou said. "They are inadequate socially, and their attitudes in favor of dodging unpleasant circumstances only make it worse."

Zhou called on joint efforts from both families and society to help these "hermits" out of their seclusion before their negative attitudes evolve into serious psychological problems.

The NEETs, or "not in employment, education or training," have attracted attention again in China. They hardly leave their apartments and spend their days surfing the Internet, watching TV or reading books all by themselves. Psychological experts attribute their voluntary seclusion from society to their fear of socializing, Modern Express reported.

(A typical scene in a NEET's life. Photo: sohu.com by Hou Jie)

Ms. Zhou, 34, is one of these modern "hermits." She has been a NEET for three years after quitting a well paying but high-pressure job at a hotel. "I've lost interest in everything," she said. "I seldom contact my friends because I'm too lazy to make a phone call." She has never even had a love relationship.

Some "hermits" call their idleness a "restoration" of life. Mr. Meng, 26, quit his job three months ago because he became fed up with office politics. He now lives happily every day, sleepingfor as long as he wants, visiting old friends and searching for information on the Internet. "I'm not living on the edge," he said confidently. "I just need some time to sort out my life and find a new direction."

However, not every NEET is so optimistic. A 23-year-old young man whose cyber name is Ken seems pretty lost in life. After graduating from a training school a year ago, his life involves a cycle of only three activities: eating, sleeping and playing online games. "It's so difficult to find a job for college graduates, never mind someone from a training school like me," he told the reporter. "I'm not in a hurry to find a job. I don't need to support my family."

When asked how he supports himself living like this, he looked carefree and answered, "My parents, of course. I'm an only child. Who else would they support besides me?"

In regard to the NEET's abnormal lives, Zhou Xiao, director of the Xiaoran Psychology Consultation Center in Nanjing in Jiangsu province, remarked their conceptions are more or less distorted by the negativity of real life. "Life is hard for everyone. Others would fight to overcome their difficulties, but NEETs choose to run away from the problems," Zhou said. "They are inadequate socially, and their attitudes in favor of dodging unpleasant circumstances only make it worse."

Zhou called on joint efforts from both families and society to help these "hermits" out of their seclusion before their negative attitudes evolve into serious psychological problems.

      
 

1、外汇倾销：
通过本国货币对外贬值以争夺国外市场的一种特殊手段。一国货币贬值后，以外国货币表示的出口商品价格降低，从而提高竞争能力，以达到扩大出口和限制进口目的。

2、“自动”出口配额制：
出口国在进口国的要求和压力下，在一定时期内“自动”限制某项或某类商品对进口国的出口额。

3、GATT：
GATT是General Agreemnet on Tariff And Trade (关税与贸易总协定)的简称。它是缔约方政府之间有关关税和贸易的多边国际协定。该协定自1948年1月日生效以来，解决了许多争端，成为调节国际经济秩序的重要支柱，1995年别世界贸易组织所取代。我国于1986年正式提出恢复我关贸总协定缔约国地位的要求。

4、滞期费：
指在租船业务中租船人未能按租船合同中规定的装卸时间完成装卸任务而付给船方的罚金。在采用程租船运输的大宗国际货物销售合同中，为了保证按时完成装卸任务，也要做出有关装卸时间和滞期费等方面的规定。

5、贴现：
是指远期汇票经承兑后，汇票持有人在汇票尚未到期前在贴现市场上转让，受让人扣除贴现息后将票款付给出让人的行为。或银行购买未到期票据的业务。

6、间接标价：
外汇汇率标价法之一，即以一定单位的本币为标准，折合成一定数额的外币。

7、自由贸易区：
是指划在关境以外的一种贸易区域。在此区域内实施特殊的政策措施，允许全部或大部分商品可以免税进口或出口，并准许在区内的商品储存、展览、拆散、改装、重装、包装、整理、加工等业务活动。

8、非关税壁垒
指除关税以外的一切限制进口的措施。

9、最惠国待遇
是国际贸易条约和协定的一项重要条款，是指缔约国一方现在和将来给予任何第三国的特权、优惠和豁免，也同样给予缔约方。

10、溢短装条款
买卖合同的数量条款中规定卖方实际交货数量可多于或少于合同所规定的数量一定幅度的条款。其内容包括溢短装幅度，由谁选择及溢短装部分的作价办法。

11、FoB。S。T
中文含义为船上交货包括理仓费和平仓费，是FoB术语的变型，指在用程租船运输的买卖合同中，卖方负责在指定装运港按港口惯例把货物装到买方指定的穿上并支付理仓和平仓费用。

12、普遍优惠制：
指发达国家从发展中国家（或地区）输入的商品，特别是工业品及半制成品，普遍给予关税优惠待遇的制度。其主要原则是：普遍的、非歧视和非互惠的。

13、商品倾销
是指出口企业以低于正常价格在国外市场销售商品的贸易行为。

14、汇票：
是一个人向另一个人签发的，要求其将一定金额立即或在特定的日期或在将来可以确定的日期支付给特定的人或其指定的人或持票人的无条件书面支付命令。

15、市场营销组合
指企业可以控制的各种营销因素的综合运用。这些因素包括：产品、渠道、定价、促销。

16、公共关系：
指企业为搞好与公众的关系而采用的策略和技术，其目的是改善企业在公众中的形象，建立良好的公众舆论。

17、不可撤消可转让信用证：
指在有效期内未经受益人及有关当事人同意，开证行无权修改或取消，并且允许受益人可将信用证的权利权利全部或部分转让给第二受益人的信用证。

18、国际贸易惯例：
在国际贸易长期实践中逐渐形成的一些较为明确、有固定内容的贸易习惯和一般做法，其中主要是由商业组织制定的国际贸易的准则和规则。

19、外汇
指外币或以外币表示的用于进行国际结算的支付手段。

20、拖收
指银行受委托人的指示处理金融单据或商业单据，目的在于取得承兑或付款。

21、F.I.o.S.T
中文含义为船方不负责装卸和理仓、平仓费，指在程租船运输合同中，租船双方约定，船方不负责装卸和理舱、平舱费。

22、协调编码制（HS）
它是由海关合作理事会主持制定的一部系统的具有多功能的商品分类目录。

23、EDI
中文含义为“电子数据交换”或“电子资料交换”。指按协议，对具有一定结构的标准信息，经过电子数据通讯网络，在商业伙伴的电子计算机系统之间进行交换和自动处理。又称无纸贸易。

24、GATT的国民待遇原则：
指缔约国成员一方保证缔约成员另一方的公民、企业和船舶在本国境内享受与本国公民、企业和船舶的同等待遇。国民待遇原则在关贸总协定中主要适用于从外国进口商品享受与对本国产品直接或间接征收的国内税或国内费用的同等待遇。

25、反倾销税
一国为抵制外国产品低价倾销，保护本国产品和市场而征收的一种特别关税。

26、市场准入：
是指在国际贸易方面两国政府间为了相互开放市场对各种进出口贸易的限制措施，其中包括关税和非关税壁垒准许放宽程度的承诺。

27、法定检验
根据《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》，法定检验是指由国家指定的商检机构和其他检验机构根据国家的法律、行政法规规定，对规定的进出口商品和其他检验事项执行强制性的检验或检疫，未经检验的不准出口或不准销售、使用。

28、涉外税收优惠
是指一国给予有纳税义务的涉外纳税人（包括自然人和法人）特定的优惠待遇，其中包括按既定税率减征和豁免。

29、专有技术：
是指制造某一特定产品或使用某一特定工艺所需要的一切知识、经验和技能，它不受工业产权法的保护。

30、ISo9000
中文含义为国际标准化组织9000系列国际品质认证标准，它是国际标准化组织为适应国际贸易发展需要于1987年3月制定并发布的对生产企业的质量管理与质量认证系列国际标准。

31、Shipping Mark
中文含义运输标志，习称“唛头”或“唛”。其作用是便于在装卸、运输、存储过程中识别、点数，防止错发错运。运输标志通常与收、发货人代号（有的伴有几何图形）、目的港（或目的地）和批件号等组成。

32、知识产权
是工业产权（专利、商标）、著作权（版权）的总称，是一种受专门法律保护的重要的无形财产。

33、跨国公司
是以母为基地，进行对外直接投资，设立海外分支机构，从事国际化生产或经营活动的企业。

34、W/W Clause
中文含义为仓至仓条款，是保险责任起 期限的条款。即保险公司的保险责任，是从被保险货物运离保险单所载明的起运地仓库时开始，一直到货物到达保险单所载明的目的地收货人的仓库时为止。

35、大经贸战略
是指以进出口贸易为基础，使商品贸易、技术转让（技术贸易）、劳务合作等多种经贸方式互相渗透、协调发展，外贸、内贸、生产、科技、金融等部门共同参与的对外经贸发展战略。

36、市场潜量
是指在一定区域、一定时间内以及一定的营销费用水平条件下，消费者可能购买的商品总量。

37、合同
是指两个或两个以上的当事人以发生、变更或消灭民事法律关系为目的所达成的协议。

38、Counter offer
还盘，是指受盘人对发盘内容不完全同意而提出的修改或变更的表示。

39、罚金条款：
制在合同中规定违约的一方应向受损的一方支付约定数额的货币，作为对受损方的损害赔偿。该条款主要用于延期交货或延期接运货物等违约行为。

40、国际工程承包
是一国承包商以其资金、技术和许可权等，为另一国的工程发包建造工程项目等，并按合同规定收取费用的一种国际经济合作方式。

41、特别提款权
是指由国际货币基金组织创始的一种储备资产和记帐单位，是按比例份额分配给会员国使用资产的一种权利。它与黄金、外汇一起作为国际储备以及用于会员国政府间的结算，但不能用作贸易或劳务方面的支付。

42、外贸代理制
制没有对外贸易经营许可的企业或个人在国内委托有对外贸易经营权的企业，在其经营范围内代理对外贸易业务的制度。接受代理的企业以自己的名义与外商订立协议，与其委托人之间权利和义务通过委托合同加以确定，但代理的企业应向委托人提供有关经营信息。

43、FCA
货交承运人。指卖方在规定的时间和地点将货物交给买方指定的承运人，承担货交承运人接管货物之间的风险，并办理出口结关手续，即完成了其交货义务。

44、LIBoR
伦敦银行同业拆放利率。指欧洲货币市场上，银行与银行之间的一年期以下的短期资金借贷利率。

45、共同海损
指载货船舶在海运途中遇到危险，船长为了维护船舶和所有货物的共同安全，或使航程得意继续完成，有意地并且合理地做出的某些特殊牺牲或指出的特殊费用。

46、股份有限公司
指全部资本分为等额股份，股东以其所持股份为限对公司承担责任，公司以其全部资产对外承担责任。

47、经济效益
通过商品和劳动的对外交换所取得的社会劳动节约，即以尽量少的劳动耗费取得尽量多的经营成果，或者以同等的劳动耗费取得更多的经营成果。

48、国际多式联运
按照多式联运合同，以至少两种不同的运输方式，由多式联运经营人将货物从一国境内接受货物的地点运往另一国境内指定交付货物的地点。

49、CIF Liner terms
CIF班轮条件，是CIF术语的一种变形。是指卸货费应由卖方负担。（即买方不负担卸货费）。

50、国际竞争性招标
指招标人通过公共宣传媒介发布招标信息，使世界各地所有合格的承包商都可报名参加投标，条件对业主最有利者可中标。

51、预期违约
指在合同规定的履行期到来以前，已有根据预示合同的一方当事人将不会履行其合同义务。

52、国际市场价格
指商品国际集散中心的市场价格和输出入国家或地区当地市场的国际贸易价格。

53、Foreign Exchange
外汇或国际汇兑，指以外国货币表示的用于国际间结算的支付凭证和信用凭证。

54、Factoring
中文含义为保理（保付代理、应收帐款收买业务，承购应收款业务。出口销售保管、应收帐款管理服务）。是指出口商以商业信用形式出售商品，在货物装船后立即将发票、汇票、提单等有关单据卖断给经营保理业务的财务公司或专门组织，收进全部或一部分货款，从而取得资金融通的业务。

55、外汇风险：
外汇风险是指一个组织、经济实体或个人的以外币计价的资产（债权、权益）与负债（债务、义务）因外汇汇率波动而引起其价值上涨或下降的可能。

56、产品生命周期：
是指产品的市场寿命，即一种新产品从开始进入市场到被市场淘汰的整个过程。可分为4个阶段：介绍、成长、成熟、衰退4个阶段。

57、关税同盟：
是指两个或两个以上的国家完全取消关税或其他壁垒，并对非同盟国家实行统一的关税税率而缔结的同盟。

58、国民待遇原则
是指一个国家对外国国民（自然人、法人或物）所给予的经济待遇不低于对本国国民的经济待遇。

59、Clean B/L
清洁提单，是指货物在装船后承运人（船公司）在提单上未加任何有关货物受损或包装不良等批注的提单。

60、承兑交单
是指出口人的交单以进口人在汇票上承兑为条件。

61、融资租赁
是典型的设备所采用的基本形式，即当企业需要筹措设备时，采用较长期租赁本货物（机械设备）的融资方式来代替融资购买设备，从而达到融通资金的目的。

62、最密切联系原则
是指当事人对合同所适用的法律没有做出选择，在发生争议时，应由受理该案件的法院或仲裁机构选择适用与合同具有最密切联系的国家法律。

63、国有独资公司
是指国家授权的投资机构或者国家授权的部门单独设立的有限责任公司。

64、关税税则
它是一国对进出口货物计征关税的规章和对进出口的应税与免税货物加以系统非类的一览表。

65、对外贸易系数
指一国货物与服务进出口额在一定时期内与起国内生产总值或国民生产总值之比。

66、Electronic Commerce
电子商务，是指利用数据电文进行的商业活动，即通过电子信息技术，网络互联技术和现代通讯技术所实现的交易。

67、可行性研究
项目投资前，对项目进行综合研究评价的一种科学方法，它通过对市场需求、生产能力、工艺技术、财务经济和社会环境、法律等方面的详细调查研究，就项目的生存能力和经济效益、社会效益进行评价论证，从而明确提出这一项目是否值得投资和如何运营等建议。

68、严格责任
只要产品存在缺陷，对使用者或消费者具有不合理的危险并因此造成人身伤害和财产伤害，该产品的生产者或销售者就应当承担赔偿责任。

69、权利担保：
卖方应担保对其所出售的货物享有合法的权利，没有侵犯任何第三人的权利，并且任何第三人都不会就该项货物向买方主张任何权利。

70、出口信贷
出口国为支持和扩大本国大型设备的出口，加强国际竞争能力，以对本国的出口给予利息补贴并提供信贷担保的方式，鼓励本国银行对本国出口商或外国资金周转的困难，或满足国外进口商支付贷款需要的一种融资方式。

71、股份制
是把全部资本分为等额股份，在企业内部或公开发行股票，通过认购而建立的一种资产组织形式。它也是现代企业制度的主要形式。

72、Regional Economic Integration
地区经济一体化，指区域内两个或两个以上的国家或地区之间，通过建立共同的协调机构，制定统一的经济贸易政策，消除相互之间的贸易壁垒，逐步实现区域内共同的协调发展和资源的优化配置，以促进经济贸易的发展。

73、Customs Valuation
海关估价。 是以海关所确定的进口货物的价格为依据，计算出应付进口关税额。

74、BoT
中文含义为建设——经营——转让。指政府同私营机构的项目公司签订合同，由该项目公司承担一个基础设施或公共工程项目的筹资、建造、维修及转让。

75、根本违反合同
一方当事人违反合同的结果，使另一方当事人蒙受损害，以致于实际上剥夺了他根据合同有权得到的利益，除非违反合同的一方并不预知而且同样一个通情达理的人处于相同情况下也没有理由预知会发生这种结果。

76、买方信贷
由出口商（卖方）所在地的银行贷款给外国进口商（买方）或进口商的银行，以便于融通便利，扩大本国出口，这种贷款称为买方信贷。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

根据本人经验，归纳如下：

20尺货柜子：24-26立方米.

40尺货柜子： 70左右立方米

45尺货柜：通常称为高柜子，尺寸为75以上。顶上有斑马纹

货物如果装不下船务安排的立方数，只有打烂箱子，挤也要挤进去。

 

敬启者

5月20日收到贵公司的40个纸板箱钢螺钉。

然而，当中10个纸箱于运送途中破烂，令货物散落，造成损失。

本公司谅解此非贵公司之过失,但希望能修改包装的方法以避免同类事件发生.

日后的包装木箱净重20千克,可装每个净重500克的纸板箱40个.

烦请确认上述方法,并赐知新方法会否引起价格上涨.

盼望早日赐复.

dear sirs,

on May 20th, we received your consignment of 40 cardboard cartons of steel screws.

we regret to inform you that 10 cartons were delivered damaged and  the contents had spilled, leading to some losses.

we require that future packing be in wooden boxes of 20 kilos net, eah wooden box containing 40 cardboard paks of 500 grams net.

Please let us kow whether these speifications can be met by you and whether they will lead to an increase in your prices.

We look forward to your early confirmation.

Yours faithfully,

Beverly

 

 

 

 

Over the past two decades, China's television programming has experienced unprecedented expansion. Today, the TV industry has entered a stage of heated competition, as more and more domestic and international media players are entering the Chinese market. Our reporter Shen Ting finds out what this competition means for television's future.

At present, China's television coverage has reached 94 percent of the population. This huge TV market is shared by one national and 31 provincial TV stations, as well as a few international media groups. Given the size of China's population, there are indeed huge opportunities to grab.

However, Chinese TV players are also faced with greater competition both from within the industry and from the boom in new media like the internet, mobile phone TV, cyber TV, and internet protocol, or IP TV.

Hu Zhanfan, deputy director general of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, explained the general state of China's TV media. He says most of China's TV stations are faring relatively well, as a result of numerous competitive measures they've taken.

"In recent years, TV stations have accelerated their reforms by diversifying programs, and introducing new equipment and innovative methods of management. In response to the challenges from both domestic and overseas television institutions, each TV station has been working on their individual development strategies and trying to produce innovative and original programs to enhance their audience's loyalty. Overall, the TV industry shows a picture of great prosperity."

China Central Television, or CCTV, is the only national-level TV station in the country. It's famous for its mainstream ideology and culture. Drawing viewers that account for nearly a half of the national population every day, CCTV features well-known programs such as "News Broadcast" and "Focus," aired on daily primetime, and popular theatrical programs such as "The Same Song" and "Happy China Tour."

As a flagship domestic TV station, CCTV is famous for its program quality. Only the best productions with high audience ratings are allowed on air.

President of CCTV Zhao Huayong says his station will continue to expand its program variety and sharpen the features of various channels to enhance their competitive edge.

"To cater to different audience needs, we've professionalized our channels to make each of them distinctive. Since 1999, we have patterned our station into one comprehensive channel and 15 other specialized channels. They co-ordinate with each other so that our programs can cover both home and abroad. In addition, we have opened ten fee-based digital channels, and two other relay TV stations overseas. Now we have over 400 TV programs and our signals cover the whole world. We have launched TV services in 120 countries and regions."

While not as financially powerful as CCTV, many local TV stations have also formulated their own expansion strategies. Many resort to innovative entertainment programs to increase their audience ratings and advertisement income.

Hunan Provincial Satellite TV station is the pioneer in this respect, and has been quite successful so far. In 1997, the satellite TV station first produced its theatrical entertainment program called "Happy Camp." The program features a combination of bold and casual hosting styles by a pair of young hosts, as well as the participation of audience members and a large number of celebrities. "Happy Camp" has refreshed entertainment programming in China and the "Happy whirlwind" soon swept across the country to such an extent that it represents strong competition for CCTV's entertainment programs.

In 2005, Hunan Satellite TV staged a popular reality show, the "Super Voice Girl" singing contest. The success of the contestants depended on marks given by judges, votes from the on-site audience, and mobile phone text messages of support from TV viewers. The program lasted a few months, but the large amount of audience involvement has made it one of the most favored programs among the public and advertisers.

Both "Happy Camp" and "Super Voice Girl" instantly became a source for imitation by other TV stations. Referring to this phenomenon, professor Yin Hong from the Film, Television and Communication Department at Tsinghua University had this to say:

"The appearance of the 'Super Voice Girl' singing contest has brought another whirlwind for reality shows. This is a rare phenomenon in recent years that a TV program would attract much social attention. Of course, the phenomenon is also a product of global influence, which means it was inspired by other overseas programs of the same kind. This indicates that the innovation of Chinese television industry is in the frame of globalization, and is seeking its own way of improving. The industry has shown great vitality.”

On the other hand, Professor Yin Hong also points out how many other TV stations were so quick to follow suit with reality shows indicates that Chinese TV stations are still weak in terms of program originality. He says this is one area in which domestic TV media still needs to improve.

Overall, the performance of the Chinese television industry has improved greatly. This can be seen in the comments from an audience member, Collin Ma, a student at Peking University.

"I think sports programs in China are quite good. Actually there's a special channel for that and we can watch sports activities from all over the world in time. But as for entertainment program, I think the most important and most essential thing for Chinese TV players to do is to be creative. I like CCTV II 'Jianbao' program very much. Actually me and my father are big fans of that. We can not only learn something about the antiques and collection knowledge about it. For TV show I'd rather say there’re some amazing TV show recently, but I think we can all see the problems that there's so many TV shows that concerning about the Qing Dynasty or concerning about the policemen."

Meanwhile, Chinese TV stations also have to face the challenge posed by the presence of international TV media. At present, international media players have been allowed to participate in program production in China, and the number of foreign TV services in China has reached over 30 channels. This means that foreign movies, soap operas, animation films, live coverage of international sports events, and other featured documentaries are all easily accessible to Chinese audiences.

However, the international media presence does not only mean competition. For some domestic TV media, it also brings along some opportunities.

ESPN STAR Sports, which encompasses the world's leading cable and satellite broadcasters of sports events, has cooperated with several Chinese TV stations in various areas. This is what Jamie Davis, Managing Director of ESPN STAR Sports said during the China International Radio and Television Exposition not long ago.

"When I come back I get to watch all the changes constantly happening in the media industry in China. Its steady growth and improvement is the program production and the television presentation, and in the variety of programs being offered by the local mainland channels as well. I actually think that's a great opportunity, because what it's doing is expanding the universe of people in China who are interested in watching TV. And it allows us to be able to add Mandarin language and more localized programs to be able to serve that audience."

So we can see that opportunities come hand-in-hand with challenges. But the TV stations that can grasp these opportunities and focus on the needs of their audience are sure to have great market success. 

 

Many critics claim Dmitri Shostakovich's first opera "The Nose" presents one of the wittiest scores written in the 20th century. Yet because of its huge cast more than 70 roles and its bizarre story, it is rarely staged. Chinese audiences have had to wait 78 years to see it.

On October 13, Shanghai Opera House will stage the production at Poly Theatre as part of the on-going Beijing Music Festival . On October 31, Shanghai's audience will see the production at the Shanghai Oriental Art Centre.

Commissioned by Beijing Music Festival, "The Nose" is put on to mark the 100th anniversary of the birth of Shostakovich.

This year's Beijing Music Festival joins the world classical music scene to commemorate the Russian composer. Valery Gergiev conducted his Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra to start the Festival with Shostakovich's symphonic works. Then the Festival presents the China premiere of his only two operas "The Nose" by Shanghai Opera House and "The Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" by Mariinsky Theatre and also a concert featuring his vocal works.

"These programmes introduce to Chinese audience Shostakovich's music, music without which 20th-21st century art would be unimaginable," said Yu Long, artistic director of the Beijing Music Festival.

"We commissioned Shanghai Opera House, because it is arguably the best opera house in China and the conductor Zhang Guoyong learned music in Russia, which would help him interpret Shostakovich," said Yu.

"Although it is hardly Shostakovich at his most sophisticated or inspired, there is much characteristic use of percussion, which is thrilling to begin with. The vocal lines tend to be turgid, but there is colour and youthful exuberance in the orchestral writing," said Zhang, who learned conducting with G. Rozhdestvensky at the Moscow State Conservatory named after Tchaikovsky.

"On many levels this opera has been a tough nut to crack for many companies. The staging of the opera has been full of contradictions, being reminiscent, in a way, of the fate of the Russian composer himself. Symphonic, innovative, vocally challenging and boasting a libretto with more than 70 characters all these challenge our company greatly," said Zhang, who is also the artistic director of Shanghai Opera House.

Yet, Yu is confident that Zhang's conducting, veteran woman director Chen Xinyi's direction and, very relevantly, the Chinese translation would make for the Chinese audience a fabulous theatrical experience.

"After watching the rehearsal, I found it's a fully thought-out production, brilliantly inventive, with many fantastical touches, sung with absolute assurance it's incredibly rare to see ensemble work of this level in Chinese theatre, let alone opera with virtuoso singing included," said Yu.

Fantastical story

Written in 1928 by the 22-year- old composer based on Nikolai Gogol's stories, the opera tells the story of Platon Kovalyov (acted by baritone Yang Xiaoyong), who wakes up one day to find that his nose has disappeared. He searches the town high and low for the appendage, which takes on a life of its own and soon outranks its erstwhile owner. The pace never lets up until Kovalyov has the nose back on his face and life returns to normal.

Taking one of the most fantastical works of Russian literature, Shostakovich, in his own words, "made a symphony of Gogol's text," thus showing its drama and depth. The libretto maintained the larger part of the text of the short story, inserting, however, phrases from other works by Gogol here and there.

It is difficult for today's audience to understand the importance of a work treated in its time as an "anarchistic grenade" or charged with formalism. "The Nose" was in effect banned after only 16 performances at Leningrad's Maly Theatre, where it was premiered in January 1930. It was revived 40 years later in 1974 in Moscow.

But no one can be unaffected by Gogol's short story from the "Petersburg Stories." Under the guise of telling the terrible story of Kovalev, a simple collegiate assessor who has lost his nose and, with it, his virility and place in society, Gogol creates a ferocious satire of the administration and some social behaviours connected with the question of power in the "knout period" of Nicholas I.

Shostakovich is reported to have said, "You can read 'The Nose' as a joke, but you can't stage it as one;" that may be too severe, but one would like to see the version in the spirit of Gogol's deadpan juxtaposition directed by Chen Xinyi.

Talking about the opera, director Chen said: "It's a perfect combination of Gogol's satirical story and Shostakovich's music, though it's difficult for people who know little about the Russian social background or Gogol's satirical style to understand the opera at first.

"In my interpretation, when the human body separates from the soul, and when each chases the other in a strange, phantasmagorical world, a person's actions are of the greatest importance for me. This is what the opera is about seeking out both oneself and the terrible fate one is ruled by.

"Through the turns of fate, a man becomes fragments of himself. And the most terrifying thing in this story is that the hero and the victim is the most everyday person, one of millions," Chen explained

 

 I would like to explain the basic meaning of EDI. That is electronic data interchange. In a word, it means different enterprises use computer and internet to exchange their commercial documents. EDI is the process that supplier,retailer,manufacturer and customer use internet to exchange freely the commercial documents. It has international principle to stipulate this method. Also, EDI is a new business in commerce circle.

That is only my point of view. 50% right

in international trade, the exporter has various mens of shipment, for instance, by ship, by truck,by train, or by airplane, to ship consignment.The choice will be made according to the nature of product, the distance to be shipped, available mean of transportation, time limit as well as frieght cost.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

出口押汇

押死你

一. 信用证出口押汇(NEGOTIATIONS UNDER GUAUNTEE) 出口商在收到信用证的情况下，因资金短缺，在货物装船发货后，将信用证要求的有关全套单据交到银行，要求银行立即按照信用证的金额进行付款，使出口商能够得到短期的资金周转。 二. 进口押汇种类 1.信用证单据的押汇 出口商根据信用证的要求，将信用证上面所列的各种单据和信用证交给银行进行短期借款，实际上就是用信用证的单据抵押给银行。 2.远期信用证承兑的押汇 出口商的远期信用证业务，得到开证银行承兑通知，出口商利用远期信用证的承兑通知，向银行申请短期借款。 3.远期银行承兑汇票的贴现 用远期银行承兑汇票作为抵押品的短期借款。出口商拿到了一张远期银行汇票，这张汇票已经被银行承兑了，但还没有到期，出口商可以拿着张汇票抵押给银行进行借款。 三. 信用证出口押汇的操作规程 1.向银行提供外汇押汇借款申请书。申请书内容包括企业的基本情况的介绍、企业的财务状况、申请的金额、申请的期限。 2.向银行提供有关的资料。 （1）.企业的营业执照副本。 （2）.外贸合同或代理协议。 （3）.企业的近三年年度财务报表及最近一期的财务报表。 （4）.银行的出口议付（押汇）申请书。 （5）.银行的出口押汇协议书。 （6）.信用证正本及信用证修改的正本。 （7）.信用证（包括信用证修改）要求的全套单据。 3.信用证出口押汇的金额 （1）.押汇金额最高为汇票金额的90%，一般采用预扣利息方式，即押汇金额-押汇利息。 （2）.即期信用证的押汇利息=（押汇金额×押汇利率×押汇天数）/360天 （3）.远期信用证押汇利息=（押汇金额×押汇利率×押汇天数）×（承兑付款日-押汇起息日）/360天 4.押汇期限 （1）.即期信用证押汇期限根据各个国家的不同而不同，一般情况下的国家期限如下： 15天：日本、韩国、港澳、新加坡、马来西亚 20天：欧洲、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰 25天：西亚各国、中南美洲、非洲 30天：其他国家或地区 （2）.远期信用证承兑后押汇的期限为押汇起息日起至承兑付款日。 5.议付款的回收和贷款的归还 如果议付款的收回，归还押汇金额还有余额时，银行将会将余额转入企业的有关帐户中。如果银行实际收到议付款的时间长于押汇的时间，这段时间的利息，银行将会向企业追收。 6.以下情况，在银行办理出口押汇将会受到限制 （1）.信用证不再同一家银行通知、付款（或承兑）和议付。因此企业最好选择同一家银行进行通知付款（或承兑）和议付。 （2）.信用证为可撤销（或可转让）。因此企业不要要求开出此类型信用证。 （3）.信用证已用于抵押。抵押包括打包放款。 （4）.申请押汇期限超过90天。因此企业要求对方开出远期信用证要低于90天。 （5）.信用证为付款信用证。因此企业不要要求开出此类信用证。 （6）.信用证项下的单据有不符点。企业一定要按照信用证的各项条款的要求制作单据。 （7）.信用证的有效地点在国外。因此信用证的有效地点要求在中国。 （8）.信用证交单期离有效期很近。因此一方面要求信用证的有效期长一点，另一方面企业制作单据时应抓紧时间做好。 （9）.远期信用证已经寄出单据，还没有被承兑。因此远期信用证承兑后才能到银行办理出口押汇。 （10）.开证银行的信誉不佳。因此信用证开证时应选择一些大的银行进行开证。 （11）.开证银行的国家政局不稳定、外汇管制教严、资信等级较低、战争多发地、开证银行处于经营危机。因此信用证开证时也要考虑该国的国家形势。

I think I have lost something. Today I have finished the whole 2006 order of dorfman . Waiting for the reply of my customer. I still do not know why the dorfman company change their sale persons all the time. New staff come and go.

Everyone has their goal.

Got some Yammy mooncake today.